炮管内表面的磨损对火炮的弹道学性能有决定性的影响，其磨损状态的检测对火炮的使用、维护和寿命评估也有重要作用。炮管的磨损基本上可分为两种：一种称为磨蚀磨损。它是由弹丸和炮管内膛的摩擦作用形成的。它使得膛线炮炮管内膛的膛线变得越来越光滑；另一种为烧蚀磨损，它是由弹药燃烧所产生的高温高压气体造成的炮管内表面磨损，它的表现形式为一系列的烧蚀裂纹和蚀炕。这两种磨损具有不同的表现形式和评价标准。有必要对这两种磨损进行区分和分别检测。在炮管图像中，由于膛线边界和由烧蚀形成的裂纹和蚀炕边界具有不同的方向特征：膛线边界具有一个特定的方向，表现为各向异性；而裂纹和蚀炕的边界则没有特定的方向，表现为各向同性，因此边界的方向性可以作为区分、检测烧蚀磨损和磨蚀磨损的一种手段。为了正确地对这两种磨损进行检测，首先对磨蚀磨损和烧蚀磨损特征进行了数学建模，并提出、证明了磨损特征算子和相应的磨损检测算法，试验证明，该算法能有效地对炮管内膛的磨蚀磨损和烧蚀磨损特征进行区分和计算，从而实现了炮管磨损特征的图像检测。

The wear condition of the artillery pipe is decisive to ballistic performance of the artillery and its detection is important to the using, maintenance and life evaluation. There are two types wear on the inner surface, the one is called friction wear, which is caused by the friction between the bullet and pipe's inner surface, making the rifling edge became smoother and smoother, the another is called ablation wear, which is caused by the high temperature and pressure gas produced by the fire powder, resulting cavities and flaws on the inner surface. These two types wear exhibit different appearance and have different evaluation criterions, it's necessary to divide these two types wear and give a respective detection. In the image of the inner surface of artillery pipe, the property which tell apart the edge of the rifling and the edge of the flaw and cavity is its direction: the edge of the rifling has a certain direction and shows a character of anisotropy but the edge of the flaw and cavity has no certain direction and shows a character of general isotropy. So the degree of the direction can be employed to divide the two types edge and measure the two types wear. Base on this, the mathematic modes of the friction wear and scrape wear are established, the direction image operator and its relative algorithm is proposed and proved, which can divide and detect the ablation wear and scrape wear from the image, realizing the image detection of the artillery body pipe's wear degree.